Current economic trends in the Gulf region are not sustainable and to a large extent this is a reflection of our society’s patterns of consumption and production. There are multiple areas of concern pertaining to energy, water, and food security, especially in the context of a changing climate. The need to modify the way we consume and produce has been recognized for a long time. It is therefore extremely notable that the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development reaffirms the importance of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) and emphasizes efforts to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns” as an explicit Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12). Research on SCP has to date largely focused on the “over-consuming North,” where consumerist lifestyles are most prevalent and associated practices have given rise to a cycle of economic growth and increasing throughput of energy and materials. At the same time, across most of the global South—including some of the Gulf countries and the MENA region in general—the most pressing problem is insufficient consumption. Nonetheless, an affluent consumer society has achieved extremely visible prominence in several countries in the region and current problematic patterns are becoming more deeply entrenched.